How to treat hyponatremia
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder, which refers to serum sodium concentrations below 135 mmol/L. In recent years, with the popularization of health knowledge, treatments for hyponatremia have become a hot topic. This article will combine the hot content of the entire network for the past 10 days to introduce the treatment methods for hyponatremia in detail.
1. Causes of hyponatremia
The causes of hyponatremia are diverse, mainly including the following:
| Type of cause | Specific reasons |
|---|---|
| Excessive sodium loss | Vomiting, diarrhea, diuretic use, adrenal insufficiency |
| Too much water retention | Heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, abnormal antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome |
| Other reasons | Hypothyroidism, psychotic drinking, side effects of medication |
2. Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia
Symptoms of hyponatremia are closely related to the rate and extent of the decrease in blood sodium. Mild hyponatremia may be asymptomatic, while severe hyponatremia may lead to severe neurological symptoms.
| Serum sodium concentration (mmol/L) | Clinical Symptoms |
|---|---|
| 130-135 | Asymptomatic or mild fatigue, nausea |
| 120-129 | Headache, lethargy, lack of concentration |
| <120 | Confused consciousness, convulsions, coma |
3. Treatment methods for hyponatremia
The treatment of hyponatremia requires individualized treatment based on the cause, severity and symptoms. Here are the main treatments:
1. Treatment of acute hyponatremia
Acute hyponatremia (development time <48 hours) requires emergency treatment, especially when neurological symptoms occur.
| Treatment measures | Specific methods |
|---|---|
| Hypersonic saline | 3% sodium chloride solution intravenously, with the goal of increasing blood sodium by 1-2 mmol/L per hour |
| Diuretics | Furosemide can promote water discharge and is suitable for patients with excessive capacity |
| Close monitoring | Monitor serum sodium every 2-4 hours to avoid rapid correction and lead to permeable demyelination syndrome |
2. Treatment of chronic hyponatremia
Chronic hyponatremia (development time >48 hours) needs to be slowly corrected, and the daily increase in blood sodium should not exceed 8-10 mmol/L.
| Treatment measures | Specific methods |
|---|---|
| Water restriction treatment | Daily liquid intake is limited to 800-1000ml |
| Oral sodium supplement | Patients with mild symptoms can increase their dietary sodium salt or oral sodium chloride tablets |
| Cause treatment | Treatment of underlying diseases such as heart failure, cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, etc. |
3. Treatment of special types of hyponatremia
| type | Treatment method |
|---|---|
| Antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome | Water limit, demecycline, torvaptan |
| Adrenal cortex insufficiency | Glucocorticoid replacement therapy |
| Drink more mentally | Behavioral therapy, psychiatric intervention |
4. Treatment precautions
1.Avoid corrections too quickly: The rapid rise in blood sodium may lead to osmotic demyelination syndrome, manifested as dysarthria, dysphagia, quadriplegia, etc.
2.Close monitoring: During the treatment period, blood sodium, urine sodium and urine osmotic pressure should be tested regularly.
3.Individualized treatment: Develop treatment plans based on the patient's capacity status, underlying diseases and comorbidities.
V. Preventive measures
1. Use diuretics reasonably and monitor electrolytes regularly
2. Patients with chronic diseases should pay attention to limiting water intake
3. Avoid excessive drinking of hypotonic fluids
4. Elderly people should be careful when taking medication and be careful that the medication may cause hyponatremia.
The treatment of hyponatremia requires comprehensive consideration of many factors, and it is recommended to conduct standardized treatment under the guidance of a doctor. If relevant symptoms appear, seek medical treatment in time to avoid delaying the condition.
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